分类： 赛事动态

Edgar is looking for a new home to live in.

埃德加正在寻找一个新家来居住。

He searched the internet and found a perfect flat for a very good price.

他在网上搜索，找到了一套价格非常划算的完美公寓。

He sent an e-mail to Francis, who is selling the flat, and received a quick reply:

他给正在出售这套公寓的弗朗西斯发了一封电子邮件，很快就收到了回复：

Hi,
Thank you for your interest in my flat.
Although I am not in town, I can send you the key to the flat so you can inspect it, but I need a security deposit of $5.000,- beforehand.
To show my trustworthiness, I attach a copy of my ID.
Cheers,
Francis


Edgar is unsure what to do and is asking for your help.

埃德加不知所措，正在向你求助。

Question: 问题:

What would be your best advice?

您最好的建议会是什么？

A. Don’t pay the deposit, there is a high chance that this is a mail fraud.

B. That is perfect. If you like the flat, you can keep the key right away. 

C. Pay the deposit. With the ID you can always go to the police if you don't get the deposit back.

D. Pay the deposit, go and have a look and decide later on.

 

 

 

 

 

Explanation 解释

Statement 1 would be the best advice, since there are multiple spelling errors and another name at the end of the email, the name and ID must not be real.

第一条陈述是最恰当的建议，因为邮件中有多处拼写错误，而且末尾还有一个名字，所以名字和身份证号肯定不是真实的。

Statements 2 and 4 are not good as the chance is high to not even receive the key.

陈述 2 和 4 不好，因为很有可能根本收不到密钥。

Statement 3 is not good since the authenticity of the ID can’t be proven.

陈述 3 不好，因为无法证明身份证件的真实性。

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（Bebras每日一练部分展示）

All members of a beaver family have abilities.

河狸家族的所有成员都有本领。

• A daughter inherits all her abilities from her mother.女儿的所有能力都遗传自母亲。
• A son inherits all his abilities from his father.儿子的所有能力都遗传自父亲。
• Each family member also has one extra ability.每个家庭成员还拥有一项额外的能力。

The diagram below shows the relationships between the beavers. It also shows the extra ability for each beaver.

下面的图表展示了海狸之间的关系。它还展示了每只海狸的额外能力。

Examples: 例子:

• Mother Jennifer has inherited the ability to sing from Grandmother Maria, and she also has the ability to program.詹妮弗妈妈从玛丽亚奶奶那里继承了唱歌的天赋，而且她还具备编程的能力。
• Lisa inherits two abilities from her mother and also has the ability of writing. This means she can write, program and sing. 丽莎从母亲那里继承了两项能力，还拥有写作的才能。这意味着她会写作、编程和唱歌。

Question: 问题:

Look at the diagram above. Which of these answers is true?

请看上面的图表。以下哪个答案是正确的？

A. Tom’s abilities are riding, painting and photography.

B. Sarah has abilities in reading, programming and singing.

C. Tom inherits from Grandmother Margot the ability to calculate.

D. Aunt Mary has abilities in dancing and swimming.

 

 

 

 

 

Explanation 解释

Statement 1 is correct, because Tom inherits painting from his grandfather and photography from his father.

陈述 1 是正确的，因为汤姆从祖父那里继承了绘画，从父亲那里继承了摄影。

Statement 2 is not correct, because Sarah does not inherit reading from her brother Charles.

陈述 2 不正确，因为萨拉的阅读能力并非从她哥哥查尔斯那里遗传而来。

Statement 3 is not correct, because Tom cannot inherit abilities from his grandmother.

陈述 3 不正确，因为汤姆无法从他的祖母那里继承能力。

Statement 4 is not correct, because Aunt Mary does not inherit swimming from her father.

陈述 4 不正确，因为玛丽阿姨的游泳技能并非遗传自她的父亲。

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（Bebras每日一练部分展示）

The beavers have created a clever irrigation system for their fields. The water flows from a lake at the top of the hill all the way down to the fields numbered 1 to 6 at the bottom.

海狸们为它们的田地设计了一个巧妙的灌溉系统。水从山顶的湖一直流到山脚编号为 1 至 6 的田地。

Along the water canals, the beavers have installed four water gates, where the water can only flow either to the left or to the right.

沿着水渠，海狸们安装了四道水闸，水只能向左或向右流动。

Click on the arrows, so that only the fields numbered 2, 4, 5 and 6 are irrigated.

点击箭头，使只有编号为 2、4、5 和 6 的区域得到灌溉。

 

 

 

 

 

Explanation 解释

The left top gate must remain as it is, irrigating fields 1 and 2.

左上角的闸门必须保持现状，为 1 号和 2 号农田灌溉。

The left bottom gate must be clicked to the right, diverting the irrigation to only field 2.

必须点击左下角的闸门向右，将灌溉水只引向 2 号田。

The right top gate must remain as it is, irrigating fields 5 and 6.

右上闸门必须保持现状，为 5 号和 6 号田地灌溉。

The right bottom gate must be clicked to the left, diverting the irrigation also to field 4.

必须点击右下角的闸门向左，这样灌溉水也会流向 4 号田。

The wrong possibilities only differ from the correct solution in that they irrigate one field too much or too few. 

错误的可能性与正确的解决办法唯一的区别在于，它们要么灌溉了一块田地过多，要么灌溉过少。

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（Bebras每日一练部分展示）

2015年Bebras挑战练习题

Cadet (12-14岁) 集合

名称	类型
Animal Competition（动物竞争）	A
Cross Country（越野）	A
Animation （动画）	A
Bracelet （手镯）	A
Geocaching （地图）	A
Beaver Logs （海狸日志）	B
Dream Dress （梦想礼服）	B
Beaver Lunch （海狸的午餐）	B
Binary Hotel （二进制酒店）	B
Drawing Patterns （绘图模式）	B
Theatre （剧院）	C
Chakhokhbili	C
Throw the dice （掷骰子）	C
You Won't Find It （你不会找到的）	C
Stack Computer （堆栈的电脑）	C

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（Bebras每日一练部分展示）

The Stack Computer is loaded with boxes from a conveyer belt. The boxes are marked with a Number or an Operator (+, -, * or /).

堆栈计算机从传送带上装载着标有数字或运算符（加号、减号、乘号或除号）的盒子。

The computer is loaded until the top box is a box marked with an operator. This operator is then used on the two boxes below it. The three boxes are then fused into one single box and marked with the outcome of the calculation.

计算机一直加载，直到最上面的盒子是一个标有运算符的盒子。然后，该运算符用于其下方的两个盒子。这三个盒子随后融合成一个盒子，并标上计算结果。

In the Stack Computer, calculations are entered in a different way to a normal calculator.

在堆栈计算机中，输入计算的方式与普通计算器不同。

Try these examples: 试试这些例子：

Enter your solution in the input box, and use the buttons to try it out on the Stack Computer.

在输入框中输入您的解决方案，然后使用按钮在堆栈计算机上进行测试。

• 2+3 must be entered as 2 3 +
• 10-2 must be entered as 10 2 -
• 5*2+3 must be entered as 5 2 * 3 +
• 5+2*3 must be entered as 5 2 3 * +
• (8-2)*(3+4) must be entered as 8 2 - 3 4 + *

Question: 问题:

How should the following computation be entered: 4*(8+3)-2?

以下计算应如何输入：4*(8 3)-2？

 

 

 

 

 

Explanation 解释

The correct answer is 4 8 3 + * 2 -.

正确答案是 4 8 3 + * 2 -。

However, the following answers are also acceptable as they all produce the correct output.

然而，以下答案也是可以接受的，因为它们都能产生正确的输出。

• 4 3 8 + * 2 -
• 8 3 + 4 * 2 -
• 3 8 + 4 * 2 -

These inputs all lead to the same result, even though the order of the operators and operations are not the same as intended in the given expression.

这些输入都会得出相同的结果，尽管运算符和运算的顺序与给定表达式中预期的顺序不同。

From left to right, we first have 4*(8+3), so we need 4 and the result of 8+3 on the stack. We achieve that by writing:

从左到右，我们首先有 4*(8 3)，所以我们需要 4 和 8 3 的结果在栈上。我们通过写入以下内容来实现：

4 8 3 +

We then have 4 and 11 on the stack, so we add a * to multiply the two numbers. We now have 44 on the stack, we add a 2 and a – for the final subtraction.

此时栈上有 4 和 11，所以我们添加一个 * 来将这两个数字相乘。现在栈上有 44，我们再添加一个 2 和一个 - 用于最后的减法运算。

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（Bebras每日一练部分展示）

Beaver Alex and Beaver Betty send each other messages using the following sequence of transformations on every word.

海狸亚历克斯和海狸贝蒂通过以下对每个单词进行的一系列变换来互相发送消息。

For example, the word "BEAVER" is transformed to "WBFCSF".

例如，单词“BEAVER”被转换成了“WBFCSF”。

Beaver Betty receives the encoded message "PMGEP" from beaver Alex.

海狸贝蒂收到了海狸亚历克斯发来的加密信息“PMGEP”。

Question: 问题:

What did Alex want to say?

亚历克斯想说什么？

A. LODGE

B. RIVER

C. FLOOD

D. KNOCK

 

 

 

 

Explanation 解释

Correct answer is FLOOD. The steps of the transformation, applied in the reverse order, are:

正确答案是 FLOOD。逆序应用的转换步骤为：           

“PMGEP” → “OLFDO” → “DOOLF” → “FLOOD”

That is: 

那就是:

• Replace each letter with the previous in the alphabet;将每个字母替换为字母表中紧挨着它前面的那个字母；
• Shift letters by 2 to the right;将字母向右移动两位；
• Reverse the word. 把单词倒过来。

The other answers are not correct.其他答案都不正确。

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（Bebras每日一练部分展示）

After school the young beavers are used to play together.

放学后，这些小海狸们习惯一起玩耍。

To avoid quarrels about where to play, they throw a normal six sided die.

为了避免争论在哪里玩，他们掷一个普通的六面骰子。

The decision is found according to this rule:

该决定是依照此规则作出的：

Question: 问题:

Which sequence of throws will send the young beavers to the sports field?

哪一种投掷顺序能让小海狸们去到运动场？

A.   

B.

C.

D.

 

 

 

 

 

Explanation 解释

The correct answer is 3/3/3.

正确答案是 3/3/3。

The first throw (3) is not greater than the second throw (3), so we have to follow the ELSE-IF branch. The third throw (3) is not greater than the first throw (3), so the rule sends the young beavers to the sports field. Throw sequence 6/6/2 sends them to the river. Throw sequence 5/3/1 sends them to the woods. Throw sequence 2/4/1 sends them to the river, too.

第一次投掷（3）不大于第二次投掷（3），所以我们得遵循 ELSE-IF 分支。第三次投掷（3）不大于第一次投掷（3），所以规则将幼海狸们送到了运动场。投掷序列 6/6/2 将它们送到了河里。投掷序列 5/3/1 将它们送到了树林。投掷序列 2/4/1 也将它们送到了河里。

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（Bebras每日一练部分展示）

Three spotlights are used to light the theatre stage in the beavers' forest -- a red one, a green one and a blue one.

在海狸的森林里，有三盏聚光灯照亮了剧院的舞台——一盏红色的、一盏绿色的和一盏蓝色的。

The colour of the stage depends on which of the three spotlights are turned on.

舞台的颜色取决于三盏聚光灯中哪一盏被打开。

This table shows the possible combinations of colours.

这张表格展示了颜色的可能组合。

From the beginning of the show, the lights will be switched on and off in this pattern:

从演出一开始，灯光就会按照这种模式开启和关闭：

• The red light repeats the sequence: two minutes off, two minutes on.红灯重复这样的循环：亮两分钟，灭两分钟。
• The green light repeats the sequence: one minute off, one minute on.绿灯重复这样的模式：熄灭一分钟，亮起一分钟。
• The blue light repeats the sequence: four minutes on, four minutes off.蓝色的灯光重复着这样的模式：亮四分钟，灭四分钟。

Question: 问题:

What will the colour of the stage be in the first 4 minutes of the show?

演出开始后的前 4 分钟，舞台会是什么颜色？

Drag the correct colour onto the block of the minute.

将正确的颜色拖到分钟的方块上。

 

 

 

 

 

Explanation 解释

The way colors can be constructed from three basic colors of lights is the RGB color model. It is used, among many other places, in computer monitors and TV sets to show pictures. Pictures are made up of pixels, which are colored as a combination of the three basic colors. It is an important principle of computer hardware and computer graphics.

由三种基本色光构建颜色的方式即为 RGB 颜色模型。它被广泛应用于计算机显示器和电视机等众多领域以显示图像。图像由像素组成，每个像素都是由这三种基本颜色组合而成的。这是计算机硬件和计算机图形学中的一个重要原理。The task also involves an understanding of sequences of actions – in this case the sequence of switching particular light(s) on and off. It is an important part of algorithmic thinking. This is also an example of parallel execution of three independent sequences.

这项任务还涉及对一系列动作的理解——在这种情况下，就是特定灯光的开启和关闭顺序。这是算法思维的一个重要部分。这也是三个独立序列并行执行的一个例子。

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（Bebras每日一练部分展示）

Sergo the beaver loves to cook. His favorite meal is Chakhokhbili.

海狸塞尔戈喜欢烹饪。他最爱的菜肴是Chakhokhbili。

When cooking in the garden he uses a single gas burner. He performs the following actions after each other:

在花园里做饭时，他使用一个单头燃气灶。他依次进行以下操作：

1	Cook an onion 煮一个洋葱	10 minutes
2	Cook a bell pepper 煮一个甜椒	10 minutes
3	Combine the cooked onion and cooked bell pepper, add a tomato and cook this together把炒好的洋葱和炒好的甜椒混合在一起，再加入一个西红柿一起炒。	20 minutes
4	Cook a chicken 煮鸡	30 minutes
5	Combine everything from steps 3 and 4, add some spices, and cook it all.将第 3 步和第 4 步的所有食材混合在一起，加入一些香料，然后一起烹饪。	20 minutes

In total Sergo needs 90 minutes to prepare his Chakhokhbili on a single gas burner.

总的来说，塞尔戈用一个煤气灶做一道恰霍克比利菜需要 90 分钟。

Question: 问题:

When Sergo cooks at home he has many gas burners available. He is able to use more burners so his meal is ready sooner.

当塞尔戈在家做饭时，他有很多燃气灶头可用。他能用更多的灶头，所以饭菜能更快做好。

Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

以下哪个陈述是不正确的？

A. Sergo can reduce the cooking time by 10 minutes when using 2 burners

B. Sergo can reduce the cooking time by 30 minutes when using 2 burners

C. Sergo can reduce the cooking time by 40 minutes when using 3 burners

D. Sergo can reduce the cooking time by 50 minutes when using 4 burners

 

 

 

 

 

Explanation 解释

The correct answer is: 

正确答案是：

Sergo can reduce the cooking time by 50 minutes when using 4 burners

使用 4 个炉灶时，Sergo 能够将烹饪时间缩短 50 分钟。The left picture illustrates how to decrease the cooking time by 40 minutes, the right picture illustrates how to decrease the cooking time by 30 minutes.

左边的图片说明了如何将烹饪时间减少 40 分钟，右边的图片说明了如何将烹饪时间减少 30 分钟。

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（Bebras每日一练部分展示）

Your job is to create a program that draws the image shown at the bottom. 

你的任务是编写一个程序来绘制底部所示的图像。

Clicking the instructions in the list on the left, will put them in the available slots on the right.

点击左侧列表中的说明，会将其放入右侧的可用槽位中。

The instruction clicked first will go at the top, the second below that, etc. This pattern of instructions will be repeated six times.

最先点击的指令会排在最上面，其次点击的排在其下，依此类推。这种指令排列模式会重复六次。

Test your program my clicking the button labeled "Try". 

通过点击标有“试用”的按钮来测试您的程序。

 

 

 

 

 

Explaation 解释

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（Bebras每日一练部分展示）