分类： 赛事动态

Hm, what to take for lunch today?

嗯，今天午餐吃什么好呢？

The cafeteria gives instructions on how to choose a Beaver lunch.

自助餐厅给出了如何选择“海狸午餐”的说明。

This is shown as a diagram:

这以图表形式展示如下：

Below the tray you see different types of food containers.

在托盘下方，您可以看到不同类型的食品容器。

The numbers indicate how many containers of this type can be added to a tray.

这些数字表明这种类型的容器一盘最多能放多少个。

Each container can only have food items put in it that are shown below it.

每个容器中只能放入其下方所示的食品。

The numbers indicate how many food items of this type can be added to the containers.

这些数字表明这种类型的食物最多可以添加到容器中的数量。

Question: 问题:

Which of the following lunches is not a proper Beaver lunch?

以下哪份午餐不是典型的海狸午餐？

A.

B.

C.

D.

 

 

 

 

 

Explanation 解释

 is not a beaver lunch, because there is no container of the brown type of tray. In the picture there are the numbers 1 and 2 written on the image of this container indicating that one should take one or two of these.

这不是海狸午餐，因为没有棕色托盘式的容器。图片中这个容器的图像上写着数字 1 和 2，表示应该拿一个或两个。

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（Bebras每日一练部分展示）

The beaver community is designing a new dam on the river. They want to use the least number of logs. They are clever, so they want to take advantage of the small islands in the river. The picture shows the river, the islands, and the number of logs needed to build each dam segment.

河狸们正在河上设计一座新水坝。它们想用最少的原木。它们很聪明，所以想利用河中的小岛。图中展示了河流、小岛以及建造每段水坝所需的原木数量。

You can add a log to the beavers' design by clicking on a log in the picture

您可以通过点击图片中的原木，向海狸的设计中添加一根原木。

To remove a log, click on the log again.

要删除一条日志，请再次点击该日志。

The total number of logs needed for the dam is shown at the top.

大坝所需的原木总数显示在顶部。

Question: 问题:

What is the least number of logs needed for the new dam?

建造新水坝至少需要多少根原木？

Click Save answer when you think you have found it.

当你认为自己找到了答案时，请点击“保存答案”。

 

 

 

 

 

Explanation 解释

Here is the most efficient dam design:

以下是最高效的水坝设计方案：

The beavers will need 4+4+3+4=15 logs.

海狸们将需要 4×4×3×4=15 根原木。

If you are not new to Bebras, you must had seen tasks in which you have to find the shortest path between two points. Building a dam with the the least number of logs is the same as finding the shortest path from one side of the river to another, where the length of the path segments is measured by the number of logs.

如果您对“贝瓦斯”（Bebras）并不陌生，您一定见过这样的任务：在两点之间找到最短路径。用最少数量的原木建造一座水坝，这与从河的一边到另一边找到最短路径是一样的，只不过路径段的长度是以原木的数量来衡量的。

How do we systematically find the shortest path?

我们如何系统地找到最短路径？

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（Bebras每日一练部分展示）

2015年Bebras挑战练习题

Benjamin (10-12岁) 集合

名称	类型
Beaver Dam （海狸水坝）	A
Setting the table （摆桌子）	A
Mushrooms （蘑菇）	A
Bracelet （手镯）	A
Trams （有轨电车）	A
Animal Competition （动物竞争）	B
Geocaching （地图）	B
Crane Operating （起重机操作）	B
Cross Country （越野）	B
Animation （动画）	B
Walnut Animals （核桃的动物）	C
Fair share （公平的分享）	C
Quick Beaver Code 2015 （2015 快速海狸代码）	C
Binary Hotel （二进制酒店）	C
Dream Dress （梦想礼服）	C

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（Bebras每日一练部分展示）

Hamid has a 4 litre beaker full of a hazardous chemical. Kazim has an empty 3 litre beaker and another empty 1 litre beaker.
哈米德有一个装满4 升危险化学品的烧杯。卡齐姆有一个空的3升烧杯和另一个空的1升烧杯。
Hamid and Kazim want to share the chemical between them equally and need a machine to do this safely.
哈米德和卡齐姆想把这种化学物质平分，为此他们需要一台机器来安全地完成分配。
The machine can pour one beaker in to another. it stops pouring when a beaker is completely emptied or filled whichever happens first.
这台机器可以把一个烧杯里的液体倒入另一个烧杯。当任一烧杯被倒空或倒满时，它就会停止倒液。

Question: 问题:
Find the seauence of pours that produces eaual shares of the chemical for Hamid and Kazim.
找出能让哈米德和卡齐姆平分化学物质的倒液顺序。
Your sequence must use the minimum number of pours possible.
您的步骤必须使用尽可能少的倾倒次数。

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（Bebras每日一练部分展示）

Kate wants to buy her dream dress. It must

凯特想买她梦寐以求的裙子。这条裙子必须

• have short sleeves, and 有短袖，并且
• have more than 3 buttons, and 有超过 3 个按钮，并且
• have stars on its sleeves.袖子上有星星。

These four shops below sell only the dresses shown.

下面这四家店只出售所展示的这些连衣裙。

Question: 问题:

Which of these shops sells Kate's dream dress?这些商店里哪一家卖凯特梦寐以求的那条裙子？

A. BeaverYorker

B. Beaver Nova

C. B&B

D. Tom Teaver

 

 

 

 

 

Explanation 解释

Over the years, the beavers constructed a huge beaver den with many, many rooms. The rooms are numbered and arranged in a particular tunnel structure.

多年来，海狸们建造了一个巨大的海狸窝，里面有许多许多的房间。这些房间都编了号，并按照特定的隧道结构排列着。

Click on the picture to move through the den.

点击图片在洞穴中移动。

Question: 问题:

Find the room with number 1337. Click on 'Save' once you've found it.

找到编号为 1337 的房间。找到后点击“保存”。

 

 

 

 

 

 

Explanation 解释

The numbers are arranged in such a way that taking a left exit brings you to a room with a higher number, and taking the right exit brings you to a room with a lower number. Once you realize this, it is very easy to click correctly and you will find the room you are looking for. Click on the floor to go back one step.

这些数字的排列方式是这样的：从左边的出口出去会进入一个数字更高的房间，从右边的出口出去会进入一个数字更低的房间。一旦你明白了这一点，点击就会变得非常容易，你很快就能找到你要找的房间。点击地板可以后退一步。Despite the fact that there are actually 511 different rooms, one can find any room with at most 9 clicks. With every click, we can halve the number of remaining rooms. So from 511 we get down to 255, then 127, then 63 and so on down to 1.

尽管实际上有 511 个不同的房间，但最多只需点击 9 次就能找到任何一个房间。每次点击，剩余房间的数量都会减半。所以从 511 个减到 255 个，再减到 127 个，然后是 63 个，以此类推，直到只剩 1 个。

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（Bebras每日一练部分展示）

The beavers want to encode numbers. They developed the Quick-Beaver-Code (QB-Code).

海狸们想要对数字进行编码。于是它们开发出了“快速海狸码”（QB 码）。

This is a code consisting of squares. Every square has a certain value.

这是一个由方格组成的代码。每个方格都有一定的值。

The squares are filled line by line from the bottom to the top and from right to left.

这些方格是按照从下到上、从右到左的顺序，一行接一行地进行填满的。

The value of the ottom right square is 1. The other squares have double the value of the square before them.

右下角的方格的值为 1。其他方格的值都是其前一个方格的两倍。

Example: 例子:

Here is a 3x3 QB-Code. The beavers have encoded a number by darkening some squares.

这里有一个 3×3 的 QB 码。海狸们通过将一些方格涂黑来编码了一个数字。

The number encoded is the sum of the values of the dark squares.

编码的数字是所有深色方格数值的总和。

So the number encoded in this QB-Code is 2 + 32 + 64 = 98.

因此，此 QB 码所编码的数字为 2×32×64 = 98。

Question: 问题:

Of the following 4x4 QB-Codes, which one encodes the highest number?

在以下 4x4 的 QB 码中，哪一个编码的数字最大？

 

 

 

 

 

Explanation 解释

The answer is答案是 。

We will first show an example by using a 3x3 QB code

我们将首先通过一个 3×3 的二维码来展示一个示例。

We can be rearranged in a row:

我们可以排成一排：

or write it simply as 001100010. Computing the value represented by the above QB code is the same converting 001100010 from binary to decimal.

或者简单地写成 001100010。计算上述 QB 代码所表示的值，与将 001100010 从二进制转换为十进制是相同的。

Now we must think about number comparison. How do you compare 9-digit numbers written in decimal? Which one is larger, 934326958 or 936715871? You decided at the third digit, right? The first two digits are the same and the third is different, so it decides which number is larger.

现在我们必须思考数字的比较。如何比较用十进制书写的九位数？934326958 和 936715871 哪个更大？你在第三位上就做出了判断，对吧？前两位相同，第三位不同，所以它决定了哪个数更大。

Comparison in binary works the same: 010100111 is larger than 010011010. They both start with 010 and differ in the fourth digit: the second number is larger since its fourth bit is 1.

二进制数的比较方式相同：010100111 比 010011010 大。它们都以 010 开头，并且在第四个数字上有所不同：第二个数更大，因为它的第四个位是 1。

Numbers represented by A and C start with 00; B and D start with 01, so they are larger. If we compare B and D, we notice the first difference is the fourth square in the second row: D is larger.

由 A 和 C 表示的数字以 00 开头；B 和 D 以 01 开头，所以它们更大。如果我们比较 B 和 D，会发现第一个不同之处在第二行的第四个方格：D 更大。

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（Bebras每日一练部分展示）

Gerald was playing in the woods. He used nuts and sticks to create four nice animals.

杰拉尔德在树林里玩耍。他用坚果和树枝做成了四只漂亮的动物。

His sister managed to bend the animals around without removing any of the sticks.

他姐姐设法把那些动物绕过来摆好，一根棍子也没拿掉。

Gerald was very upset because he really loved the figure of a dog.

杰拉尔德非常难过，因为他真的很喜欢那尊狗的雕像。

Question: 问题:

Which of the following figures can be bent back to make the figure of the dog again? Click on the figure you select.以下哪个图形可以折回去再次变成狗的形状？点击你选择的图形。

A.

 

B.

  

C.

 

 

 

 

 

D.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Explanation 解释

Each animal is determined by the connections between its parts. The specific positions of parts and angles of connections may change during the dance, but that does not change the animal itself. So we need to determine pairs of pictures with the same structure on them.

每种动物都由其各部分之间的连接关系所决定。在舞蹈过程中，各部分的具体位置和连接角度可能会发生变化，但这并不会改变动物本身。所以我们需要找出结构相同的成对图片。

Let's start with the starfish. It has a regular structure and is therefore easiest to spot: one central part and five arms. There is only one possibility among transformed animals:

我们先从海星说起。它结构规整，因而最容易辨认：一个中心部分和五条臂。在变形动物中只有一种可能：

The giraffe is quite like a starfish, except for that one arm is longer, it is the neck with the head. So we search for an animal with four short legs, one longer neck, all attached to one part, the body.

长颈鹿很像海星，只不过其中一条“臂”更长，那就是脖子和头。所以我们寻找一种动物，它有四条短腿，一条长脖子，都连在一个部位，即身体上。

The sea lion is also similar, but one of the short pieces is missing, so the central part only has four connections.

海狮也是类似的，但其中一段短的缺失了，所以中间部分只有四个连接点。

Last remaining is the dog. It has seven parts and none of them is clearly central.

最后剩下的是狗。它有七个部分，但没有一个部分是明显的中心。

Three very fast beavers will compete in a cross-country run.

三只非常敏捷的海狸将参加一场越野赛跑。

Mr. Brown will overtake one beaver when running uphill.布朗先生在上坡跑时会超过一只海狸。
Mrs. Pink will overtake one beaver when running downhill.平克夫人在下坡跑时会超过一只海狸。
Mrs.Green will overtake one beaver when running across rocks.格林夫人在岩石上奔跑时会超过一只海狸。

The terrain is shown in the picture: uphill, followed by some rocks, downhill and then some more rocks.

地形如图所示：先是上坡，接着是一些岩石，然后是下坡，最后还有一些岩石。

Mrs. Pink starts in the first position, followed by Mr. Brown and Mrs. Green.

平克夫人排在第一位，接着是布朗先生和格林夫人。

Question: 问题:

In which order will the beavers finish the race?海狸们会以怎样的顺序完成比赛？

A. Mr. Brown, Mrs. Green, Mrs. Pink

B. Mrs. Pink, Mr. Brown, Mrs. Green

C. Mr. Brown, Mrs. Pink, Mrs. Green

D. Mrs. Green, Mrs. Pink, Mr. Brown

 

 

 

 

Explanation 解释

Two friends, Anna and Bob, are searching for a treasure.

两个朋友，安娜和鲍勃，正在寻找一件宝藏。

They each have a smartphone app that shows them the direction to the treasure they are looking for.

他们每个人都有一个智能手机应用程序，能为他们指明正在寻找的宝藏的方向。

The two boxes (marked with an X) on the map show where the treasure is.

地图上标有 X 的两个方框显示了宝藏的位置。

Anna is searching for box 1 (X1) and Bob is looking for box 2 (X2).

安娜正在寻找 1 号箱子（X1），鲍勃正在寻找 2 号箱子（X2）。

Anna and Bob are standing in the same place. The picture shows the map and a screenshot of the smartphones.

安娜和鲍勃站在同一个地方。图片展示了地图和智能手机的截图。

Question: 问题:

Where are Anna and Bob standing?安娜和鲍勃站在哪里？

A.

B.

C.

D.  

 

 

 

 

 

Explanation 解释

The correct answer is 正确答案是.  。Place  is wrong because the slanted arrow doesn’t not point at any object on the map from this place.

这个地方不对，因为从这里出发，倾斜的箭头没有指向地图上的任何物体。

Place  is wrong; when placing one friend to cahce 1 and the other friend to cahce 2, their devices will arrow to this tree. But these friends are standing on the same place.

地点有误；当让一位朋友去藏 1 号物品，另一位朋友去藏 2 号物品时，他们的设备会指向这棵树。但这两个朋友站在同一个地方。

The  is wrong: probably you have chosen it because both arrows seem to point to this place. But we are not searching the target of these arrows but the place the arrows are going. 

这种想法是错误的：或许你选择它是因为两个箭头似乎都指向这个地方。但我们寻找的不是箭头所指的目标，而是箭头所去的方向。